Differentiate grounding and bonding in aircraft electrical systems.

• A. Bonding minimizes stray voltages by connecting conductive parts; grounding provides a common return path for fault currents to a reference point
• B. Grounding minimizes stray voltages; bonding provides a common return path for fault currents
• C. Bonding and grounding are interchangeable terms with identical functions
• D. Bonding creates an electrical impedance path; grounding creates a mechanical strap between parts

Answer: (A)

In aircraft electrical systems, bonding and grounding serve different roles to keep the system safe and reliable. Bonding is the practice of electrically connecting conductive parts so they share the same electrical potential. By tying together components like structural members, panels, and various fittings, bonding minimizes voltage differences between parts, reducing stray voltages, arcing, and related corrosion or shocks.

Grounding, meanwhile, provides a low-impedance return path for fault currents to a defined reference point—usually the airframe or a designated ground point. This stabilizes system voltage and ensures that when a fault occurs, current has a clear path back to its source so protective devices can operate properly.

So, the best description is that bonding equalizes potential between conductive parts to suppress stray voltages, while grounding creates a common return path for fault currents to the reference point. The other ideas either swap those roles, treat them as interchangeable, or describe incorrect functions.